全文获取类型
收费全文 | 11153篇 |
免费 | 626篇 |
国内免费 | 451篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 32篇 |
2020年 | 5篇 |
2019年 | 43篇 |
2018年 | 29篇 |
2017年 | 11篇 |
2016年 | 18篇 |
2015年 | 30篇 |
2014年 | 46篇 |
2013年 | 55篇 |
2012年 | 1763篇 |
2011年 | 1812篇 |
2010年 | 264篇 |
2009年 | 148篇 |
2008年 | 1188篇 |
2007年 | 1167篇 |
2006年 | 1018篇 |
2005年 | 927篇 |
2004年 | 786篇 |
2003年 | 661篇 |
2002年 | 515篇 |
2001年 | 419篇 |
2000年 | 521篇 |
1999年 | 225篇 |
1998年 | 46篇 |
1997年 | 21篇 |
1996年 | 31篇 |
1995年 | 40篇 |
1994年 | 27篇 |
1993年 | 14篇 |
1992年 | 12篇 |
1990年 | 8篇 |
1988年 | 5篇 |
1986年 | 7篇 |
1983年 | 4篇 |
1981年 | 6篇 |
1979年 | 4篇 |
1976年 | 4篇 |
1959年 | 24篇 |
1958年 | 53篇 |
1957年 | 29篇 |
1956年 | 28篇 |
1955年 | 20篇 |
1954年 | 29篇 |
1953年 | 17篇 |
1952年 | 12篇 |
1951年 | 23篇 |
1950年 | 8篇 |
1949年 | 5篇 |
1948年 | 5篇 |
1945年 | 5篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
61.
62.
Mapping of a Wheat Resistance Gene to Yellow Mosaic Disease by Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism and Simple Sequence Repeat Markers 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Wei-Hua LIU Huan NIE Zhen-Tian HE Xiu-Lan CHEN Yue-Peng HAN Jin-Rong WANG Xin LI Cheng-Gui HAN Jia-Lin YU 《植物学报(英文版)》2005,47(9):1133-1139
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yellow mosaic virus (WYMV) is transmitted by a fungal vector through soil and causes serious wheat yield losses due to yellow mosaic disease, with yellow-streaked leaves and stunted plants. In the present study, the amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) were used to identify the molecular linkages with the resistance gene against WYMV. Bulked segregant analysis was performed with an F2 population derived from the cross of cultivar Ningmai 9 (resistant) × cultivar Yangmai 10 (susceptible). By screening among the resistant or susceptible parents, the F2 pools and the individuals in the F2 population with 64 combined selective AFLP primers (EcoRI/MseI) or 290 reported SSR primers, a polymorphic DNA segment (approximately 120 bp) was amplified using the primer pair E2/M5, and an SSR marker (approximately 180 bp) was located on wheat chromosome 2A using the primer Xgwm328. Analysis with MAPMAKER/Exp Version 3.0b (Whitehead institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA) indicated that these two markers were dominantly associated with the resistance gene at distances of 5.4 cM or 17.6 cM, respectively. The resistance gene to WYMV derived from Ningmai 9, is temporarily named YmNM, and was mapped to wheat chromosome 2A. 相似文献
63.
SHAO-KUI GE RAYMOND I. CARRUTHERS ZU-FEI MA GUANG XUEZHANG DIAN-MO LI 《Insect Science》2005,12(4):255-262
In this study, semivariance was used to quantitatively measure the spatial heterogeneity for the egg population of cotton bollworm during a growing season. The typical characteristic parameters of theoretical semivariance models against lag distances were applied to measure components of spatial heterogeneity: trend, range, spatial dependence, and the strength of spatial dependence. Then, kriging interpolation was used to evaluate the population risk of cotton bollworm exceeding economic thresholds. From early June through early September, the population densities were sampled 10 times in the study field. Results showed that the spatial patterns were related to population density. For its low-density population, the spatially heterogeneous trends were usually of spherical shapes; but for highdensity ones, the trends shifted to Gaussian shapes. The spatial dependence appeared at varied distances ranging from 52 meters to 936 meters, and the spatial dependence was in the range of 0.39-288.60, which changed with population densities. While having high heterogeneity, the strength of spatial dependence became much stronger. Results of population risk analysis showed that there was a high risk during its early stages, especially in mid-June. In August, population risk was so low that it did not need to be controlled. 相似文献
64.
不同间作枣园害虫的群落结构与动态 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
对5种不同间作枣园的害虫群落结构特征进行了研究,结果表明,在不同的间作枣园中,害虫的科、种与个体数是各不相同的,其多样性、均匀度和Berger-Parker指数也有明显差异(p<0.05)。间作牧草或保留杂草的枣园,害虫的科与种以及多样性和均匀度明显(p<0.05)大于间作小麦、大豆和单作枣园,而个体数和Berger-Parker指数则显著(p<0.05)小于单作枣园。枣园害虫个体数的时序动态随季节交替而有明显(p<0.05)的变化,4~8月份害虫的个体数明显(p<0.05)大于3月份、9~10月份。在枣园间作作物、牧草或者适当保留一定数量的杂草,不仅能够充分有效地利用枣园的空间和自然资源,而且增加了生物的多样性,改善了枣园的生态环境,同时提高了有害生物相互制约的能力和枣园单位面积的纯收入。 相似文献
65.
Na-Na LIN Hong WANG De-Zhu LI Stephen BLACKMORE 《植物学报(英文版)》2005,47(9):1036-1046
The pollen morphology of 28 species and one variety representing eight genera of the subtribe Mutisiinae Less. sensu Bremer (Compositae) was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and light microscopy. The pollen grains are usually radically symmetrical, isopolar, and tricolporate. The shape varies from spheroidal to subprolate in equatorial view and is three-lobed circular in polar view. Based on exine sculpturing observed under SEM, the pollen grains can be divided into three types: (i) type Ⅰ, with macrogranulate sculpture; (ii) type Ⅱ, with a finely granulate sculpture; and (iii) type Ⅲ with spiny sculpture. The palynological data showed that the Macroclinidium Maxim. was remarkably distinguished from those of the other seven genera. The variation of pollen characteristics within the Mutisiinae in Asia is little at species level, but it proves some useful information for studying the relationships among genera and it has an important significance in further understanding the evolutionary history of Mutisiinae. 相似文献
66.
Study of the tolerance of Hippochaete ramosissimum to Cu stress 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
LIU Dengyi LI Ying CHU Ling WANG Guanglin & WANG Lilong Biodiversity Research Center Anhui Normal University Wuhu China The Provincial Key Laboratory of Conservation Exploitation of Biological Resources in Anhui Wuhu China 《中国科学:生命科学英文版》2005,48(Z1)
We investigated the tolerance of Hippochaete ramosissimum and the changes in physiological metabolism following exposure to copper using pot experiments and analyzing plant physiology and biochemistry. The results showed that Cu tolerance in Hippochaete ramosissimum varied significantly between different populations; the tolerance of plants living in Cu polluted areas for extended periods of time exceeded that of plants living in unpolluted areas. SOD and POD activities in highly Cu tolerant plants increased noticeably following exposure to Cu. This indicates that maintaining and increasing the two kinds of protective enzyme activities are the primary foundations of plant tolerance. However, no change in CAT activity was demonstrated following Cu exposure. In summary, there existed considerable differences in physiological metabolism between different populations of Hippochaete ramosissimum following exposure to Cu. 相似文献
67.
Tyroserleutide tripeptide affects calcium homeostasis of human hepatocarcinoma BEL-7402 cells 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
FU Zheng LU Rong LI Guoli ZHAO Lan GAO Weizhen CHE Xuchun JIAN Xu ZHOU Chunlei & YAO Zhi . Department of Immunology Tianjin Medical University Tianjin China . Shenzhen Kangzhe Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. Shenzhen China . Department of Pharmacy Tianjin Medical University Tianjin China . Central Laboratory of Tianjin Medical University Hospital Tianjin China 《中国科学:生命科学英文版》2005,48(5):523-530
Copyright by Science in China Press 2005 Primary hepatocarcinoma is one of the most fre-quent digestive-tract cancers, particularly in China. The incidence and death rate of primary hepatocarci-noma in China is the highest in the world, with about 1100 thousands people dying from primary hepatocar-cinoma per year[1]. Although the chemotherapeutic agents are the main therapeutic approach for hepato- carcinoma, they are relatively ineffective and result in many toxic and side effects. Accordin… 相似文献
68.
MENG Yan ZHOU Xueyan LI Yang ZHAO Dan LIANG Shuyuan ZHAO Xuejian YANG Baoxue . Department of Pathophysiology School of Medical Science Jilin University Changchun China . The Third Hospital of Jilin University Changchun China . Departments of Medicine University of California San Francisco CA - USA 《中国科学:生命科学英文版》2005,48(6):636-640
Jk (kidd) blood group antigens are carried by the urea transporter UT-B[1,2]. The Jknull phenotype, lack-ing urea permeability in erythrocytes[3,4], has a very low frequency in all populations except Polynesians and Finns[5]. In Japan, only 14 individuals with Jk (a-b-) phenotype were identified from 638460 screened donor’s blood samples using the 2 mol/L urea solution hemolysis test[6]. The frequency of Jknull is 0.27% in Polynesian, about 0.03% in Finland[7], and extremely rare in Fran… 相似文献
69.
SUN Xiangqing * JIA Yanbin * ZHANG Xuegong XU Qi SHEN Yan & LI Yanda . Ministry of Education 《中国科学:生命科学英文版》2005,48(3):263-269
Schizophrenia is a serious neuropsychiatric illness affecting about 1% of the world’s population. Family, twin and adoption studies have demonstrated that 65%―85% of the susceptibility to schizophrenia can be attributed to genes. On the basis of genetic model-ing of epidemiological data and recent results of a number of whole-genome screens for susceptibility genes, schizophrenia has been considered a complex disorder. A number of genes with small to moderate effects are involved in combinat… 相似文献
70.
Construction of a cucumber genetic linkage map with SRAP markers and location of the genes for lateral branch traits 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
WANG Gang * PAN Junsong * LI Xiaozun HE Huanle WU Aizhong & CAI Run Agriculture Biology School of Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai China 《中国科学:生命科学英文版》2005,48(3):213-220
Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. 2n = 2x = 14), thatbelongs to Cucurbitaceae family, is one of majorvegetables with a planting area second to that of to-mato in the world[1]. Due to its economical importanceplant breeders and geneticists have paid much atten-tion to the genetic study on this important vegetablecrop, but the research progress in cucumber is muchless than that in tomato. In 1990, Pierce[2] reviewed allthe reported genes of cucumber that had been geneti-cally analyzed since the 1930… 相似文献